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X-ray Attack

An X-ray occurs when a piece attacks or defends a target through an intervening piece of either color. It is similar to a skewer or pin, but the key difference is that the "X-raying" piece is often defending a friendly piece or square that is currently occupied or blocked.

Strategic Impact: It is a hidden power. For example, a Rook on e1 can "X-ray" the enemy King on e8 even if the file is currently closed. If the pieces in the middle move, the attack is suddenly "revealed." It is also used defensively to protect a square that is currently occupied by an enemy piece (e.g., defending a promotion square through an enemy blocker).

Key Aspects of an X-ray Attack
Indirect Attack: A piece (e.g., Bishop on a1) attacks an enemy piece (e.g., Rook on h8) through another object (e.g., Pawn on d4).
Defensive X-ray: A piece can defend a friendly piece through an enemy piece, which is a common defensive tactic.
Differences from Skewer: While often confused with a skewer, an X-ray specifically refers to attacking through an opponent's piece, whereas a skewer attacks the front piece forcing it to move and expose the piece behind it.

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